Racism

The vagueness of the term antisemitism – especially with regard to its origins – renders it controversial. It was first introduced and deployed in 1879 as the programmatic self-designation of a political-social movement – the “Anti-Semitic league” (“Antisemitenliga”) – whose goal was to combat Judaism. Currently, the term is mostly used colloquially either as a noun (antisemitism, antisemites) or as an attribute (antisemitic). It serves its purpose as a tried and tested term that remains discursively effective and whose role is to identify expressions, attitudes, and practices that are rooted in an antisemitic attitude or that can be interpreted as antisemitic. It is, however, disputed whether and to what extent religiously motivated anti-judaism, national anti-Zionism, and politically motivated hostility toward Israel can all be subsumed equally under, and thought about by means of, this colloquially used “container-term” (Containerbegriff).

This article briefly offers an account of the Black theology movement as it emerged in the United States context. First, it offers a brief definition and aims of the movement. Second, it situates its emergence in the broader context of Western settler colonialism, American chattel slavery, and the mid-twentieth-century U.S. Black freedom struggle during the post-Civil Rights era. Then the article will analyze James H. Cone’s  pioneering work, Black Theology and Black Power. Finally, this article concludes with remarks regarding how the Black theology movement has developed since its inception. It does so by highlighting the work of several thinkers to signal trajectories for the movement’s further development.

• Systematische Theologie

Liberation theology is a theological and social movement. In fact, it is more accurate to describe it as a variety of movements that developed, first, among Christian communities, but that soon found expression in all major religious traditions during the second half of the 20^th century. “Liberation theology” therefore is not a uniform school of thought or movement. Rather, liberation theology is the name given to a family of viewpoints that gather around certain basic tenets or orienting principles, some of which are shared by nonreligious movements of liberation as well. Despite their differences, most theologies of liberation share the following four orienting principles.

• Systematic Theology