Christology

This article examines how democracy can be a way of enacting fundamental Christian commitments. It opens with a definition and then assesses the scriptural precedents for a commitment to democracy. The article closes by outlining the key modern theological arguments that exhort active involvement in democratic struggles for justice and liberation as well as responsibility for developing and sustaining democratic political systems. The entry as a whole outlines a theological grammar of democracy, providing a means to evaluate theologically whether a particular polity or form of politics is democratic.

In accordance with Jesus’s petition in the “Lord’s Prayer” (“Your kingdom come!”; Matt 6:10), the term “kingdom of God” refers to God’s reign, into whose advent-like coming presence one is drawn into a state of both “waiting and hastening.” Because the kingdom of God is coming and its coming will fundamentally transform earthly conditions, it also exerts considerable moral and political influence and, as such, is the subject of ethical reflection. The kingdom of God is already dawning in the relationship with the Father established by Jesus and is not merely future but also present, not merely transcendent but also immanent, not merely internal but also external. The kingdom of God, which is in the process of coming, raises the fundamental ethical question of how human action can and should relate to God’s action.

• Doctrine of God